Pharmacologic Advances Essay -- bioservices, anti-body

Aligning to IBT BioServices’s business model and core competency, the top four critical needs and requirements have been identified from Model 1 assessment. These criteria are compared and contrasted to the company’s model and key strengths to develop a strategic roadmap for further expansion of the market position and share. The key learning from this assessment includes (Figure 4): 1. Need of surrogate assays model that are reliable (in-vitro and in-vivo assays) and predictive of protective immunity against RSV and DEN. This is a demonstrated key strength area for IBT BioServices with their cotton rat model. The company successfully tested RSV vaccine and therapeutic candidates that led to IND and clinical development (IBT BioServices). Their in-vitro assay platform, particularly CPE assay, provides high correlation of inhibitory and efficacy measurements of vaccine candidates to human subject. This is essential preliminary data needed to design pre-clinical and clinical trials direction. 2. Develop new assays platform that is compatible for next generation technology and approach e.g. structural-based design to develop RSV vaccines (vaccine research center- NIAID-NIH). This approach utilized atomic-level details of RSV protein to detect binding mechanisms of fusion glycoprotein needed to neutralize human RSV antibody (Oplinger, 2013). The assays must be able to measure and follow the activity of the protein-antibody complex to develop higher efficacy vaccine. 3. Compliance and data integrity. Early phase R&D programs do not require GLP certification; however, there are benefits in establishing such programs. In this industry the concept of speed to market is essential and critical for market share and profit generation. The th... ...o 2016, Stockpile Analysis, Competitive Benchmarking and Pipeline Analysis. Retrieved from: http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1195531/the_future_of_global_vaccines_market_forecasts (n.d.). Services for respiratory syncytial virus research. Retrieved from IBT BioServices website: www.ibtbioservices.com (n.d.). Services for dengue virus research. Retrieved from IBT BioServices website: www.ibtbioservices.com Thomas, S. (2011). The Necessity and Quandaries of Dengue Vaccine Development. J Infect Dis., 203 (3), 299 303. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiq060 WHO. (2014). Dengue. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/dengue/en/ Wilson, P. (2010). Giving developing countries the best shot: An overview of vaccine access and R&D. Retrieved from: http://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/giving-developing-countries-best-shot-vaccines-2010-05.pdf

Clexane Essay

Clexane (enoxaparin) will be the topic for my teaching plan. In the plan it will aim to explain how and why enoxaprin is administered and why it is needed. Clexane injection contains the active ingredient enoxaparin, which is a type of medicine called a low molecule weight heparin. It is a medicine that is used to treat blood clots, or stop clots from forming within the blood vessels, Enoxaparin is used to prevent and treat types of abnormal blood clots. It works by inactivating thrombin in the clotting process. This stops the formation of fibrin, the essential component of blood clots. The medicine is administered by injection under the skin (subcutaneous injection). Clexane is commonly used to prevent clotting after an operation such as a hip replacement, or certain heart conditions. The way clexane works is by preventing certain molecules in the blood called clotting factors from working. Clotting factors are needed to form a clot (e. g. n a cut or a scratch). However, blood clots can form inside the body and travel to areas such as the lungs or brain, where they can form a block. When this happens it is difficult for blood to circulate properly, the clot may also cause severe illness. Clexane will be given in accordance to the weight of the person. Subcutaneous Injection Technique. The patient should take the lying down position ready for the clexane injection to be administered, this is given by a deep subcutaneous injection. To avoid any loss of the drug which is administered in 30 and 40 mg pre-filled syringes, there is an air bubble that should not be expelled before the injection is given. Administration should be alternated between the left and right anterolateral and left and right posterolateral abdominal wall. The whole length of the needle should be introduced into a skin fold held between the thumb and forefinger; the skin fold should be held throughout the injection. To minimise bruising, the injection site should not be rubbed on completion of the injection.

Essay on Emersons Philosophy - 640 Words

Emersons Philosophy Emerson placed an emphasis on three primary aspects of life that illustrate the most crucial elements of humanity; nature, education and action. According to his theology, nature is the chief facet and because of its universal features, it arguably encompasses the remaining two tenets. Nature supports progress and action by providing physical accommodations in the form of material assets while simultaneously feeding the emotional hunger of man with inspirational beauty. His entire philosophy is embedded in the belief that an external presence shapes and influences the spiritual, intellectual, and physical elements of the individual. In fact, virtually every aspect of man can be traced back to the perfect order of†¦show more content†¦Imagination, creativity and the unique spirit of the individual are all characteristics of Emerson’s romantic philosophy. He encourages the struggle against conformity and consistency in a battle to preserve the essence of one’s ch aracter. If the core of persons are salvaged, then nature is present in those individuals. These ideal individuals are considered nature because of their originality and beauty; they are natural creations just as a stream or a leaf. â€Å"The universe is composed of nature and the soul† (p. 1107) Nature is so pertinent to Emerson’s romantic philosophy because anything that is considered exquisitely irreplaceable could be qualified as nature. Therefore, wherever an individual is, there too nature must be. They do not exist in isolation. Man not only appreciates the beauty of nature, but is a composition of it himself. â€Å"The power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both.† (p. 1109) Nature speaks to the heart of spirituality and revitalizes the relationship between man and a higher being. â€Å"The foundations of man are not in matter, but in spirit† (p. 1132). Nature is an institution for experiencing the presence of God. Emerson applies his philosophical beliefs of process to that of his view on religion in that he vouches for a God of the present versus one of mainly a historical importance. Much like nature, God is an appreciation of the universalShow MoreRelatedEmerson’s Unifying Philosophy Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesreconciliation can be reached from these three differing hypotheses. Emerson’s thesis merely expounds from Descartes and Plato’s philosophies. He builds from Descartes’ search for self-identity and reconciles Plato’s skepticism with his views of self-trust and unconformity among scholars. Throughout â€Å"Mediations I and II†, Descartes disputes definitions of reality and identity, establishing a precursor to Emerson’s philosophy. Initially, Descartes questions all notions of being. In â€Å"MediationRead MoreAutonomy and Self-Reliance: Kant Vs. Emmerson1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe Autonomy of Self-Reliance In the late eighteenth century, with the publication of his theories on morality, Immanuel Kant revolutionized philosophy in a way that greatly impacted the decades of thinkers after him. The result of his influence led to perceptions and interpretations of his ideas reflected in the works of writers all around the world. Kant’s idealism stems from a claim that moral law, a set of innate rules within each individual, gives people the ability to reason, and itRead MoreEvolution Of Freedom Through History Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesits final goal of freedom. To Hegel, â€Å"Freedom is nothing but the knowing and the willing of substantial universal objects such as Right and Law†¦i.e., the state† (Hegel 63). In saying that, freedom is the Spirit’s actualization of its final state. Emerson’s idea of a universal mind towards history is stated as, â€Å"There is one mind common to all individual men. Every man is an inlet to the same and to all of the same† (Atkinson 113). That is to say that each man has access to the same information as theRead MoreSocial Anxiety : America s National Identity991 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolted and established a nation, their sons and daughters became responsible for constructing a national identity. As seen in the nineteenth century, America, an emerging nation that arose collectively for a revolution would be fragmented by altered philosophies within its incipient national identity. Several significant facets revolved around the acumens of social anxiety as America’s national identity emerged as a historical response by prominent congregates discontented with conventional societal thoughtRead MoreEssay on The Influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson995 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Nature†, to his various ess ays, poems and lectures, Emerson’s collection of works maintain an authentic diverse style that separated him from other authors. The confidence and optimism he portrayed thru his work helped to spawn an assembly of followers from not only America, but Europe as well. Many historians believe that Emerson may be the most inspirational figure in American thought since the colonial period, and In my opinion without Emerson’s influences on American Literature and TranscendentalismRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : A Transcendentalist1438 Words   |  6 PagesBaptist and Methodist churches in the 1820s. Between 1833 and 1837, Thoreau studied at Harvard then returned to Concord to teach with his brother until 1842. It is here where he met Ralph Waldo Emerson and began attending Hedge Club meetings in Emerson’s home (Olson, pg. 8), and history manifested to create the two fathers of Transcendentalism. It is interesting that with the growth of Roman Catholicism and Christianity in general in America during this time, Emerson, a Unitarian minister, lookedRead More Ralph Waldo Emersons Self Reliance Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesRalph Waldo Emersons Self Reliance Ralph Waldo Emerson believes he writes quite the persuading argument in Self-Reliance. Wielding his pen as if it were Excalibur, he vies to stimulate and challenge the down-trodden mind in his classic work on the American Spirit. His lines are affecting, romantic, and hypnotic, especially at the first reading; his thoughts on the page beget inspiration for the reader. Self-Reliance has its value in its boldness, its construction, and matureRead More Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscontent with even their decidedly liberal interpretation of Christianity. After a while, however, he discovered the writings of British poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, and used their works to shape his own. Emerson’s wife died in 1831, an event that likely pushed him towards a path of self-discovery. At the end of 1832, Emerson left for Europe. While there, he had the opportunity to meet some of his literary idols: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor ColeridgeRead MoreThe Philosophy of Transcendentalism Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages Transcendentalism was a philosophy that became influential during the 1800s. It was based on the belief that knowledge is not limited to and solely derived from experience and observation but from the truths seem through reason. In the United Sates, transcendentalism became both a philosophy and a literary, religious, and social movement. Emphasis was placed mainly on oneness with nature and God while making the possibility of social change a reality. Ralph Waldo Emerson was the leading AmericanRead More`` Nature `` By Ralph Waldo Emerson920 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscipline. These define the ways by which humans use nature for their basic needs. Th e historical significance of â€Å"Nature† was that transcendentalism club led the celebration of the American experiment as one of the individualism and self-reliance. [5] Emerson’s purpose in the essay â€Å"Nature† is to lay out and attempt to solve an abstract problem: that humans do not fully accept nature’s beauty. He inscribes that people are distracted by the demands of the world, whereas nature gives human fail to reciprocate

Older Women Having Babies Essay - 647 Words

Nicole is sitting in the doctor’s office for the first time. She is waiting patiently as the small round clock in the corner of the room ticks away at a snails pace. She suddenly hears footsteps coming from the other side of the door. Nicole puts her sweaty palms together as she sees the doctor enter the room with some blue papers in his hands. The doctor quickly looks at Nicole then turns away clearing his throat, â€Å"I have examined the test results that we just completed; you are pregnant but there are some complications.† â€Å"Complications? What do you mean doctor? I’m healthy. I’ve been healthy all my life. I never had a problem getting pregnant. What could be the problem?† â€Å"Well, you are pregnant with your first child at the age of 37.†¦show more content†¦Chromosomes contain genetic information that is passed down from the parents to the child. The possibility of a mistake during cell division rise as a woman ages, therefor e; the chances of chromosomal dysfunction increases. â€Å"All genetic abnormalities increase as the egg gets older.†(Cohen, and Bonifield) Each female is born with a certain amount of eggs, these eggs do not multiply and you cannot add more. During each menstrual period a female loses one of her eggs, and these cannot be replaced. As a female gets older so does her eggs, therefore, during the division of cells it leaves a lot of room for mistake. If the chromosome pair does not split and separate the egg will have 24 chromosomes not the 23 that are needed. The difference of only one chromosome can change the faith of the child from being normal to having down syndrome. â€Å"In the 1st trimester miscarriages occur because of chromosomal abnormality in the fetus.† (Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia) As a result, older woman have a much higher chance at some chromosomal disorder when they are having children at an older age. â€Å"Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by an error in cell division.† (Cohen, and Bonifield) As explained above, it is theShow MoreRelatedThe Birth Of Older Women Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesFor the mother, babies can make them feel and appear younger. In the early to mid-twenties is when a woman will have the most energy but are much less likely than a woman over 35 to be financially stable, be established in their work life and have the resources to look after and care for a baby. Older women will also have more life experience and maturity to draw on in rearing a child and looking after a baby. Younger mothers are known to sometimes feel resentful at having to postpone their jobsRead MoreA Woman s Best Quality Eggs1706 Words   |  7 Pagesborn women have around a million eggs, by the time they reach their mid-thirties this number will have dropped to around 25,000. Unfortunately, a woman’s best quality eggs will likely have been used up when younger, meaning the ones left over are of a worse quality and therefore less fertile. Women also release fewer eggs when they get older. In terms of successful IVF treatment (which is more often used by older women), for women under 35 years the success rate is around 27%, but for women overRead MoreThe Birth Of A Baby With Down Syndrome Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesBabies born to women aged in their 40s tend to have low birth weights. This is generally a result of premature birth and bad because the baby has less time to grow and develop in the womb and is therefore more vulnerable to pretty much everything. It makes it hard for the baby to fight off infection, keep warm, gain weight, feed, and it can also cause breathing problems due to low oxygen levels at birth and sudden infant death syndrome. Low birth weight can also be a result of placental insufficiencyRead MoreProblems that Teenage Mothers Face Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesthe problems that happen to a teenage mother and why? #61623; Babies are born more likely to be born premature and/or suffer low birth weight. There are a lot of problems involved with children having children. There is a higher risk of low birth rate, premature labor, and stillbirth. The problem is teenage girls are not done growing and fully maturing, there for, when they become pregnant it induces problems not only on the baby but the mother as well. *A general rule: The younger the mother,Read MoreThe Pregnancy Of The Fetal Heart Rate1459 Words   |  6 Pagesbirth outweigh the risks of a Caesarean section to mother and baby. Pregnancy occurs when a sperm and egg unite, this is called conception. A zygote is created, in one week the zygote attaches itself on the uterine wall, and in two weeks becomes an embryo. Week 10 of pregnancy the embryo turns into a fetus. The fetus develops more and more for 28 weeks. Around 39-40 weeks, a woman can go into labor. Labor is when the mother starts having contractions, and the baby’s head starts dropping into theRead MoreLife At Home During World War I1443 Words   |  6 Pagessoldiers went to fight in World War 1 and World War 2, women and children had to replace men in the workforce. There was an increase in those affected by the trauma of the wars, and the birth-rate had dropped during this time. Family Families were affected by the trauma and exposure of the wars, causing mental illnesses such as depression. Young children had been exposed to the trauma of the wars. A great deal of pressure was put on the older children because they had to take care of the householdRead MoreEssay on Population Demographics1330 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities are available for women, death rates and birth rates remain fairly low. 2.Think of three social factors that contribute to lower birth rates in the countries farther along. How might these social conditions be encouraged to emerge in less developed countries? Education, religion and economic status are three factors that contribute to lower birth rates. Providing an education and shifting away from â€Å"blue collar† workers gives an opportunity to both men and women, thus providing an upwardsRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesMaria Isabel Terrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early ageRead MoreMaking a Case against Abortion1047 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore aborting. Most of teens that are â€Å"sexually active† don’t protect themselves, they don’t use any type of birth control such as pills or injections and this causes teens to end up getting pregnant and causes them to get an abortion. If maybe women would start protecting themselves there could be way less abortions performed each year all over the U.S. Think about it this way, it is so much easier to take a pill and prevent yourself from getting pregnant then deciding on killing an innocent childRead MoreDiscursive Essay on Abortion551 Words   |  3 PagesAbortion is the termination of a pregnancy. If a woman falls pregnant and she does not wish to go through with the pregnancy then she may choose to have an abortion. Abortion is a controversial issue, some people say it is ok to abort a baby but others are strongly against it. Sometimes people are against it because they believe it is wrong but some are against it because of their religion, their background and their up-bringing. People who are for abortion may have had one

Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance...

Appearance versus Reality in Hamlet Appearance versus reality is one of the central themes of Shakespeares play, Hamlet. The characters in the play assume roles for the purpose of concealment - Claudius, in reality a murderer and usurper, plays the roles of grieving brother and rightful king; the adulterous Gertrude plays the role of a most seeming-virtuous queen when she is, in her sons view, a most pernicious woman. Even Hamlet himself assumes the role of a madman in his attempt to establish the reality of his uncles guilt. In 1.2, the anxious Gertrude asks her son why he is taking the death of his father so personally... Why seems it so particular with thee? Hamlet indignantly asserts†¦show more content†¦O villain, villain, smiling damned villain! That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain And Gertrude too is exposed as a hypocrite, a most seeming-virtuous queen. However, if the ghost is not what it appears to be, a spirit of health (come from purgatory with divine permission to right a great wrong), but a goblin damnd (a devil assuming the Old Kings appearance to trick Hamlet into killing an innocent man and so damning his own soul), then Claudius really is a grieving brother and the queen is in fact a virtuous woman who did not commit adultery with her brother-in-law.Following his passionate outburst I know not seems It is supremely ironic that Hamlet should himself subsequently assume an appearance, should Think meet To put an antic disposition on in order to lull his uncle into a false sense of security, thereby enabling him to penetrate the Kings outward appearance and establish the reality of his cunningly concealed quilt. The pretence of madness also becomes a protective mask beneath which he can conceal his grief and from behind which he can comment freely on people and situations, thus relieving the emotional pressure which is building up inside him following the Ghosts horrific revelations. Polonius, a tool of Claudius, uses an appearance in an attempt to please his political master by penetratingShow MoreRelated Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance versus Reality1078 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚   Shakespeares play, Hamlet, is a tale of a young prince who must ascertain the truth regarding his fathers death. Throughout the play, the fundamental theme of appearance versus reality is constant. The majority of the main characters hide behind veils of lies and deceptions, obscuring the truth to the point that nearly nothing of their actual selves are visible. The labyrinth of deception is so twisted that only Hamlet is aware of the truth, and onlyRead MoreEssay about Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet1007 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet, one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies, there is a prevailing theme that is concurrent throughout the play. Throughout the play, all the characters appear to be one thing on the outside, yet on the inside they are completely different. The theme of appearance versus reality is prominent in Hamlet because of the fact that the characters portray themselves different from what they really are. In the playRead MoreThe Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Works729 Words   |  3 PagesThe Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Works Characters within one of William Shakespeares greatest tragic plays, Hamlet, appear to be true and honest but in reality are infested with many falsehoods and deceptions. Characters such as Polonius, Claudius, and Hamlet give an impression of a person who is sincere and genuine, but behind their masks are plagued with lies and evil. AsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Appearance Vs. Reality819 Words   |  4 Pagesany aid on this assignment. -MLM Appearance vs. Reality in Hamlet William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, reveals a consistent theme of appearance versus reality throughout the character’s actions. In many situations, honesty and sincerity appear to be present; however, in reality, dishonesty and deception are usually the character’s true intentions. Specifically, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet, and Claudius demonstrate the disconnect between appearance versus reality. Throughout the play, these charactersRead MoreHamlet: Illusion vs. Reality1982 Words   |  8 PagesIllusion Versus Reality In Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Hamlet there is a dominant and overwhelming theme that is amplified throughout the entire play. Things are not always what they seem. Many of Shakespeare’s most complex characters hide behind multiple masks of lies and deceit. The American Heritage Student Dictionary defines illusion as â€Å"an unreal or misleading appearance or image† and reality as â€Å"the state of things as they actually exist†. The focus of this essay is the struggle betweenRead MoreAppearence vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pages amp;#65279;Appearance vs. Reality nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, there is a dominant and overwhelming theme that is concurrent throughout the play. Throughout the play, all the characters appear as one thing on the outside, yet on the inside they are completely different. The theme of appearance versus reality surrounds Hamlet due to the fact that the characters portray themselves as one person on the outside, and one different on the inside. In the play, ClaudiusRead More Reality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet1279 Words   |  6 PagesReality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As appearances play an important role in todays society, so they also play an important role in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. From the first scene to the last, Shakespeare elaborates on the theme of appearance versus reality through plot and character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The plays plot is full of incidents and events that are not what they appear to be. One such incident is Ophelias ambiguous death. When,Read MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1221 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeare’s Hamlet is the tale of a young prince determined to uncover the truth about his father’s recent death. Hamlet’s uncle (and also the deceased king’s brother), Claudius, marries his mother the queen, and therefore, takes the throne. In the beginning of the story, Hamlet is told by the apparition of his dead father that it was Claudius who in fact murdered him. The theme that remains consistent throughout the tragedy is appearance versus reality. The characters introduced to us throughoutRead MoreEssay about Appearance vs. Reality in Shakespeares Hamlet497 Words   |  2 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet deceiving illusions are frequently used to protect truth from being a destructive force. Situations within acts one and two that appear to be true and honest are really contaminated with evil. Various characters within the first two acts hide behind masks of corruption. In the first two acts most characters presented seem to be good and honest making it a complex task for Hamlet to discover all the lies that have hidden objectives withinRead MoreWhos There: a Question of Identity in Hamlet Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Significance of â€Å"Who’s There?† A Question of Identity Throughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the theme of deception and appearance versus reality becomes increasingly apparent. The complex characters featured in the play resolve to secretive which leads to a question of everyone’s identity. Yet, one does not even need to read the play to discover it’s essential themes. The first line of the play, â€Å"Who’s there?† (Hamlet 1. 1. 1) is not merely a question spoken by a guard who cannot see, rather

Nostalgic Records Proposal Free Essays

Partner, Melody Nostalgic Records March 16, 2013 Proposal Number 014298B TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Company OverviewPage 4 2. Company Information SystemsPages 5-6 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Nostalgic Records Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Table of Benefits DrawbacksPage 8 4. Projected SalesPage 9 5. ReferencesPage10 COMPANY OVERVIEW Melody Nostalgic Records will have its grand opening on May 1, 2013. We are a small, brick n’ mortar, nostalgic record store located in downtown San Antonio, Texas. We will be providing a variety of music arrangements in the form of compact discs, vinyl records, cassette tapes, and 8 tracks. This will ensure we have products for all age ranges of customers. Along with music, we will also sell music products such as headphones, posters, t-shirts and other related items. In order to meet the needs of customers, we will need to have various information systems in place so we will be able to meet the needs of the customers as well as the needs of the company. Information Systems are integrated sets of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for delivering information, knowledge, and digital products (Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.   2013). COMPANY INFORMATION SYSTEMS In order to ensure success in our business and customer satisfaction, utilization of the following five types of information systems will be conducted. * Functional Area IS * Executive Dashboard * Electronic Commerce System * Supply Chain Management System * Decision Support System COMPANY INFORMATION SYSTEMS Functional Area IS This system will support, plan and organize particular functiona l areas in our business. For example, this system will enable us to effectively conduct payroll and have an overview of sales management with cost and pricing analysis, inventory control, our overall spending and budget. With the information gathered, we will perform an evaluation of weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports. Executive Dashboard This is a tool for data management. It will allow us to identify operational efficiencies, apply preventative measures and recognize the health of our organization through a visual presentation of critical information. Through these reports we will be able to improve any processes that are lacking in our business (â€Å"Executive Dashboard†, 2007). Electronic Commerce System A website of our products will be generated and correlated into our business to meet the needs of consumers who enjoy shopping from home and expanding our client base throughout the nation. This system will eventually allow us to increase our profits. COMPANY INFORMATION SYSTEMS Supply Chain Management System This will enable our company to monitor products, information and financial flow. This system will allow us to oversee our inventory and to also guarantee that we have enough products to meet the demand of our customers (â€Å"Supply Chain Management†,2010). Decision Support System This will enable our managers and company to compile useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, and/or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions on comparative sales figures and projected revenue (â€Å"Decision Support Systems†, 1996-2012). BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information System| Benefit| Drawback| Functional Area IS| Company Organization| Security and hacking issues| Executive Dashboard| Ability to produce reports from collected data| Requires person with extensive knowledge of Dashboard system| Electronic Commerce System| Ability to sell products online and expand clients| Possible online theft| Supply Chain Management| Ability to track inventory to ensure products are available on demand| Requires person with prior inventory record keeping | Decision Supports System| Ability to identify and solve problems| Identified problems may not always be accurate| Terms Expressed in Thousands REFERENCES Decision Support Systems. 1996-2012). Retrieved from http://www. informationbuilders. com/decision-support-systems-dss Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.. (2013). Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/287895/information-system Executive Dashboard. (2007). Retrieved from http://www. iexecutivedashboard. com/ Rainer, R. K. Cegielski, C. G. (2011) . Introduction to Information systems: Supporting and Transforming Business. Chapter 2, Information Systems, Concepts and Management. Supply Chain Management. (2010). Retrieved from http://searchmanufacturingerp. techtarget. com/definition/supply-chain-management How to cite Nostalgic Records Proposal, Papers

Big Data Analysis and Nosocomial Infections

Question: Discuss about the Big Data Analysis and Nosocomial Infections. Answer: Introduction: Data is the most valuable asset of organisations in the present-day world (Kroes, 2011). Data is quantity, and almost everything can be quantified, thanks to the decreasing costs and increasing ubiquity of sensors like Internet of Things (IoT), and wearable devices. Also, the volume and velocity of data being created and recorded are increasing every passing minute. This paper looks into big data analytics. To begin our discussions in earnest, let us first explore what big data is. Data is any quantifiable thing. The past generations also worked with data, but they were limited in the creation of data (Mohanty, et al., 2015) especially due to the absence of sensors and devices. Also, the technologies at their disposal for storing and mining the data were limited. In other words, data per se is not new, but the ability to refine it is what distinguishes the present times (Lin, 2015). The human way of living is now generating data from multiple sources (both machines and men), and instead of being discarded, most of it is being archived, either for private use or being released to public domain. Also, advanced technologies like machine learning, pattern matching allow automating most of the labour involved in analysing big data. Thus, big data is characterised by V's of Volume, Velocity, and Variety (Rouse, 2014). Later on the uncertainty of data (in the form of Veracity), and the business value of that data (in the form of Value) is also being included (Mishra, et al., 2016). Analytics means to analyse something to discover trends and patterns, to answer questions about the data, and to gain new synergetic insights where the sum is greater than the parts. When the analysis is done on big data, patterns and insights can be gained which were earlier impossible. The analytic processes and tools are applied to structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data (Beal, n.d.). Throughout this report, we will be touching on real-life examples where big data analysis has provided insights and actionable information to governments, companies, organisations, and individuals. As an aside, the first big data analysis was done way a scientist, using basic tools, much before the advent of digital computers - Copernicus (Bayless, 2016). He meticulously noted details about solar activities (like sunrise, sunset) for decades and crunched that data to come to the conclusion that it is Earth which moves around the Sun and not otherwise. Technically, big data is that point where the 3 V's of volume, velocity, and variety render the traditional relational approaches to database ineffective for analysis (Mishra et al., 2016). Big data was originally a technical problem. Analytics on big data have become feasible in the recent times due to the dropping costs and increasing storage and processing power (Russom, 2011). One of the characteristics of big data is variety. Variety means that the original sources of data are varied, and the data they present may be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured. Structured data is well defined in its properties and usually, follows certain business rules e.g. information filled in forms. Semi-structured data is one which partly possesses the rigidity of formal specifications e.g. email messages usually have a salutation in the first paragraph and a signature (name of sender) in the last paragraph. Unstructured data is one which cannot be relied upon for any order e.g. posts on micro-blogging site Twitter (also called as a tweet) are not guaranteed to follow any syntax or order in their content. Now, analysing big data requires fusing all of the data sources being considered together. This analysis may entail an effort to parse meaningful data from the unstructured and semi-structured data sources. For example, tools like Tweedr and TweetTracker track tweets from disaster-hit areas to prioritise worst-hit areas so that the relief aid can be triaged efficiently (Bruns Liang, 2012) (Imran et al., 2015). Once the data is in a consistent format, analytical techniques are applied to it. Some of these techniques are association rule learning, classification tree analysis, genetic algorithms, machine learning, regression analysis, sentiment analysis, and social network analysis (Stephenson, 2013). How it is used or will be used Big data provides huge amounts of data to play with, and this quantity of initial sample increases the accuracy and the depth of research when analytics are performed on it (Russom, 2011). Big data analytics provide opportunities to uncover trends and patterns where none could have been identified before. Big data is analysed and used by governments, non-government organisations, researchers, businesses, and individuals. The goal always is to end with better results than would be without big data analysis. The users just mentioned use big data for goals of their respective domains. Examples include military goals, monitoring and predicting terrorist activities, as an aid to form policies, finding new correlations, getting a competitive advantage in business, optimising resources in general and specifically in emergencies, improving medical analysis, monitoring and predicting the health of the population, identifying times for social media posting, and so on. A couple of examples are presented next in which big data has been analysed to provide actionable and novel information. For America, data about the home address of prisoners in America, and the home addresses of those inmates who are released was plotted against the government expenditure on those prisoners on the map of America. The resulting figure indicated tight clusters and neighbourhoods where crime and attendant symptoms of poverty were present. This proof gives the policymakers information to utilise public money better and eliminate the crime at the root level (Bayless, 2016). In the medical field, an illustration is a real-time analysis of prematurely born babies vital signs to predict the onset of infections much before the physical signs manifest. This forecast is helping save lives of these exceptionally weak infants (Reddy, 2014). At an individual level, private companies like Buffer can analyse the social media sites' activity level for a particular user and identify the times of the day and the days of the week when a posting by the user is likely to receive maximum attention (Lee, 2016). The advantages or benefits compared with existing technologies (if any) Big data provides huge amounts of data to play with, and this quantity of initial sample increases the accuracy and the depth of research (Russom, 2011). There are lots of benefits of big data analytics. As mentioned earlier in the report, the benefits touch every domain of human living, and big data finds usage from an individual to a nation. Data scientists have likened the analysis power of big data as looking down on humanity with a microscope (Bayless, 2016). Benefits include anything to do with people, general business intelligence, automated decisions for real-time processes, better planning and forecasting, and many others. The examples of benefits of big data analytics include predicting deteriorating health of premature babies, proving the link between broken street lights and higher crimes in certain localities, predicting terrorist movement, identifying the worst-hit areas in case of disasters, identifying the busiest airplane routes, building smart local bus transportation systems, and many other unfolding examples. The disadvantages or potential disadvantages Data scientists agree that there cannot be a world-transforming technology that can only work for the better or worse of humanity. They believe that we cannot have one without the other (Bayless, 2016). True to this belief, there are certain disadvantages or risks involved with the powerful tool of big data analytics. The concerns are mainly about privacy. Data about the weather is one thing, but personal data is another. Also, most of the personal details are being tracked and uploaded onto the servers of private companies without the knowledge of the people. For example, Android mobiles track the whereabouts using Maps app if GPS (Global Positioning System) is enabled. TrueCaller, Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn apps on smartphones (after due consent of user) regularly upload the user's address book, messages and other details. On top of all this, is the constant lure of the rewards of big data for criminals. Data hacks are common and both small and big names are attacked. References Andrews, S., Gibson, H., Domdouzis, K. Akhgar, B., 2016. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 47(2), pp. 287-312. Bayless, j. H., 2016. The Human Face of Big Data 2O14.(Documentary). [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ho5CNu6U3lU [Accessed 01 04 2017]. Beal, V., n.d. big data analytics. [Online] Available at: https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/big_data_analytics.html [Accessed 1 4 2017]. 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